Self Monitoring Study on How Sleep Affects Stress Levels...

Can Obtaining Adequate Amounts of Sleep (between 8-9 hours) Reduce Stress Levels? BPS Wellness Paper Individual Self-Study Write-Up Intro My identified issue is lack of sleep and high stress levels. I do not maintain a schedule that would allow for enough quality sleep. I am also experience stress levels that are high, and suspect that lack of sleep may be a source of some of this stress. I have difficulty falling asleep and occasionally staying asleep. As a result I am often fatigued and tend to crave high fat sugary carbohydrates and overeat on them, to maintain mood and energy. Research Question Can obtaining adequate amounts of sleep (between 8-9 hours of sleep) reduce stress levels? My hypothesis is in order to lower my†¦show more content†¦(February 2014) Similar to this study I used a stress scale although, I reduced mine to a scale between: 1-5. â€Å"5† being the highest level of stress. The Stress in America study used a Perceived Stress Scale that participants self-monitored their stress levels by answering where they would answer such questions as â€Å"how often have you felt irritable and angry in the last month† and they could answer,(very often, sometimes, never etc.) For my purposes I asked myself the following three questions and used the following rating system to determine my stress levels that day.(Angus, n.d.) I used a data spreadsheet to record my time of rising in the morning and time of going to bed to calculate hours of sleep. At the end of the day I rated and recorded my overall feelings of stress at the end of the day with scale of 1-5. A ‘1’ being very calm and unstressed and ‘5’ not feeling very stressed. By my rating system I will determine whether getting 8-9 hours of sleep improves my stress levels. On days that I exercised I recorded my exercise in number of minutes and then recorded the next morning my sleep quality. At the end of my day, I assessed my stress by answering three questions, did I feel worried, overwhelmed and depressed about not completing all my tasks, did I feel tired, impatient while driving and did I handle irritations and become angry more than usual? Did I feel likeShow MoreRelatedThe Mechanics of Consciousness1571 Words   |  6 Pageslives on planet earth. The benefits is that it offers protection as it control the self .Consciousness regulate what we think and the reaction that we respond to the different experiences that we undergo on daily basis. Also, it allows us to either allow a thought or respond or terminating the thought as it might be not useful both the inner and outer experiences. Consciousness as the primary regulator of the body an how we interact with either the conducive or bad environment that one live in. HoweverRead MoreReduce Pain1286 Words   |  6 Pagesactivity, so it is less painful. Moreover, as the textbook, biofeedback and acupuncture are other relieving strategies to control the pain. In my experiences, I used both biofeedback and acupuncture method to reduce my pain. I still remembered how stress I was when I came to live here at the first three years. Living in the new country is not easy, many things I have to learn such as new language, new culture...etc. Many things I have to worry. I was so stressful, and I got a headache every dayRead MoreBiological Systems : The Immune System1485 Words   |  6 Pagessystem and producing an immune response that is prompt, accurate, effective and self-limiting. The immune system consists of; leukocytes, lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow and thymus. Leukocytes refer to disease fighting white-blood cells. They are produced and stored in the thymus, spleen and bone marrow. They circulate in the body via lymphatic vessels and blood vessels which ensures coordinated germ monitoring and monitoring of any other substance of potential risk to the normal functioning of the bodyRead MoreEvidenced Based Practice: Assessment And Intervention.1608 Words   |  7 Pagesin the family. There are no safety concerns at this time. Prior to Mr. Smith’s diagnosis, Mrs. Smith was a calm, even tempered leader of the household. Junior excelled in high school, was confident and secure. Each family member conveyed a positive self-image, and all members of the family were goal oriented. The family is struggling to find their identity in the face of this illness. Each family member reflects values in keeping with their Southern Baptist background with faith playing an integralRead MoreEssay On Gun Violence In Memphis1462 Words   |  6 PagesWashington D.C. when it comes to violent crimes committed by guns. 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This disease has flourished despite differences among countriesRead MoreMechanisms Addiction Reviews The Strong Relationship Between Bipolar And Substance Use Disorders1280 Words   |  6 Pagesbipolar disorder, including earlier onset, more frequent episodes, and more complications, including anxiety- and stress-related disorders, aggressive behavior, legal problems, and suicide. Bipolar and substance-use disorders share common mechanisms, including impulsivity, poor modulation of motivation and responses to rewarding stimuli, and susceptibility to behavioral sensitization. Studies of potential treatments for bipolar substance-use disorder have paid scant attention to the combined disordersRead MoreWhat ´s Electroconvulsive Therapy?1475 Words   |  6 Pagespotentially life threatening. For example, when there is a risk of suicide or risk to others because ECT has much quicker results than any other forms of treatment for depression. Overall, the aim of this PowerPoint is to provide information on how ECT is administered, how or why it works, benefits, side effects, appropriateness and effectiveness. Before ECT begins, patients are given a short-acting anaesthetic and a nerve-blocking agent, paralysing the muscles of the body to prevent them from contractingRead MoreThe Health Assessment And Health History1935 Words   |  8 Pageshypertension, diabetes and sleep apnea †¢ Smokes 1 ppd †¢ Weight loss is not at the goal that is desired by the physician or patient. †¢ Busy lifestyle that sometimes is a barrier to healthy foods choices. †¢ History of reoccurring depression B. Client’s strengths (30 points) This individual has many strengths, one of them is that this individual has a strong support system in place with his close friends and church family. According to a study reported in Psychiatry , â€Å"Numerous studies indicate social supportRead MoreThe Ideal Intervention Method for Colleges Essays2449 Words   |  10 Pages A recent study conducted by the American College Health Association characterized 38.7% males and 26.1% females in college as overweight or obese. (Reed et. al 298) As much alarming a situation it is, it could also raise questions of validity whether college is the actual reason of this situation. Results from a prospective longitudinal study acknowledge this doubt, and suggest that men and women in their first year of college gain weight more rapidly than the average American at the same age.

You Are Living The American Dream - 1174 Words

Imagine you are a nineteen-year-old living in the USA. You are homecoming queen, smart, and rather popular. You have a perfect boyfriend and perfect friends. You have an amazing little brother and parents who strive for your success. Monetarily wise, you have an abundance of wealth: a large house, plenty of food, and a nice car. You are living the American dream. Now imagine that you are again nineteen years old, but living in Uganda. You have little money, few belongings, no peers or mentors, and no education past high school. Instead, you are a single, homeschooling mother to eight girls, all under twelve years old, and all of which still struggle to even speak your language. Katie Davis Majors, a missionary to Uganda and author†¦show more content†¦Money that was well-deserved by the citizens was stripped away by a corrupt government. It was a cycle: The parents could not afford an education. With no education means no job to pay bills. They became homeless. Their childre n were forced to grow up in depravity, with no schooling either, and thus begins the cycle anew. Katie Majors began to realize that the children who didn t go to school simply couldn’t afford the mere USD $20 that it costed. To the undernourished and homeless families on the street, that was a fortune. Majors decided to change that. She started Amazima Ministries, dedicated to providing school funds, hot meals, and the Gospel. Amazima is still growing and prospering today. She began assisting those who were infected with diseases such as AIDS and HIV, as well as helping care for the injured. Agnes, a young girl who fell prey to injury, had been the sole provider of her family at just nine years old. She, and her sisters, Mary and Scovia, were living alone when Majors found them. Their father had died of disease and their mother had fled in fear of being a single parent. It was on a fateful day that their crumbling house collapsed on Agnes. She was rushed to the hospital but w as not treated. In Uganda, those who are treated are only those who can pay. She had no money nor an adult to pay, so she simply lay on the bed, waiting for medical care. Majors learned about the girl’s situation and rushed to the hospitalShow MoreRelatedLiving The American Dream : What Do You Think?1889 Words   |  8 PagesWhen you hear about living the American dream, what do you think? Is the American dream the ability to go to school wherever you want and accomplish everything you’ve ever wanted to do with a little hard work and elbow grease? America is moving into a modern technological age, removing jobs from American workers and having a large effect on what American factory work is currently based on. 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Most people have the same basic idea of the American Dream, but most peopleRead MoreJohn Steinbecks Dream : The American Dream795 Words   |  4 PagesAn American Dream, what is it? Everyone has dreams,to achieve something great; but do you think you could really ev en go through with it? The book Of Mice and men by John Steinbeck shows how the American Dream is not attainable he shows that even your most precious dreams for your future can’t be achieved. Throughout the novel Steinbeck does not support the American Dream, as it is shown in a series of events throughout the novel. In the novel it shows that it can’t be achieved in three ways; firstRead MoreThe American Dream ( The Great Gatsby )1173 Words   |  5 PagesTHE QUIZ BEFORE STARTING SEMINAR *TURNS ON POWERPOINT TO THE TITLE Now everyone I want you to close your eyes and imagine what you think living in the 1920s would be like. *GOES ONTO THE NEXT SLIDE TO THE SOCIETY IN THE 1920s Now everyone open your eyes. What do you see here? *POINTS TO PICTURE LIVING IN THE ACTUAL 1920S. Now what do you see here? *NEXT SLIDE. *POINTS TO PICTURE LIVING IN THE AMERICAN DREAM (THE GREAT GATSBY). Did anyone notice anything that caused a change in society betweenRead MoreThe American Dream And Its Effects On Society1356 Words   |  6 Pages the American dream is immeasurably becoming a whistle to a dream. Individuals that are working class in America are experiencing hardship in the face of a declining economy. An economy which disallows parents the security to maintain a job in order to sustain a progressive household. Due to the lack of jobs within the economy as well as the rising costs of living. With people dreams and aspirations each individual daily are deferred. 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Social Inequality Free Essays

Social Inequality Today, there are many stereotypes and discriminatory practices that act as barriers to a woman’s advancement within the workplace. While it is undeniable that there are biological and physical differences between men and women, often times these differences are used to justify the unequal treatment of women not only in the workplace, but within society as a whole. Throughout history, women have often been viewed as the weaker sex and thus their place was thought to be within the home as the family caretaker. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Inequality or any similar topic only for you Order Now Unfortunately, these views continue to define the different social roles for men and women in the world today. This is an issue that almost everyone woman at some point in their life has had to face. Some may experience this unequal treatment at their work place, during their education, or in their everyday lives. Historically, a woman’s primary job was managing the household. As housewives who had no source of income besides that of what their husbands earned. In the public’s eye women were nothing more than wives, homemakers, caregivers, and mothers. It was not thought of for a woman to work a â€Å"real job† their place was at home taking care of the family. Throughout history women have struggled for equality. The Suffrage Movement and later the Affirmative Action were efforts to increase equality among genders. As the United States economy was changing to a more industrialized one it demanded more workers. While men were at war, the demand for workers needed for war production increased. Women decided to help out with war efforts by taking over the jobs left by men. This step was huge for women realizing their potential in the workplace. Prior to 1963 it was legal for a business to pay a woman performing similar work as a man a lower wage. It was also rare to find a woman in a position of authority in a workplace. The Equal Pay Act of 1963 required gender equality for payment of wages. From that point forward it was illegal for an employer to pay a woman a lower wage than a man simply because of her gender. A woman who suffers discrimination under the terms of this law may sue her employer in civil court to recover lost wages and punitive damages. A year later, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed. This granted equal rights to women in all areas of employment. Discrimination of any kind in the workplace based on gender was now illegal. The passing of the Civil Rights Act opened new career doors for women and supplied them with the legal support to do so. However, The Civil Rights Act was amended in 1991 when the federal government moved to include sexual harassment in the law’s statutes. This revision allowed women to sue employers who permitted sexual harassment in the workplace for compensatory and punitive damages in court. This amendment to the Act did not stop sexual harassment in the workplace but it does help to empower women to fight back against the behavior. Even with these laws there is still a significant pay gap among men and women. For example in 2011, women working full time in the United States typically earned just 77 percent of what men earned, a gap of 23 percent. This gap has narrowed since the 1970s, due mainly to women’s progress in education and workforce participation and to men’s wages rising at a slower rate. The subject of equal pay is not only a woman’s issue but also the family’s issue. Families are relaying on women’s earning more than ever just to make ends meet. In typical married households, women’s incomes accounted for 36 percent of total family income in 2008, up from 29 percent in 1983. These days a large majority of mothers are in the paid labor force, and about one-third of employed mothers are the sole breadwinners for their families. For the 34 percent of working mothers who are the sole breadwinner for their family; either because they are single parents or their spouses is not in the labor force. The gender pay gap can contribute to poor living conditions, poor nutrition, and fewer opportunities for their children. And for these women, closing the gender pay gap is much more than a point of pride it’s a matter of necessity. In 2011 women working full time made annual earnings of $37,118, while men annually made $48,202. Although statistics show the gender pay gap is smallest among the youngest workers. For instance, in 2010 full-time workers ages 16–19, women earned 95 percent of what men earned on a weekly basis. Among workers 65 years and older, women earned only 76 percent of what their male peers earned. Women typically earn more than 90 percent of what men earn until around the age of 35, at which point median earnings for women start to grow much more slowly than median earnings for men. After age 35, women’s median earnings fall to between 75 and 80 percent of the median earnings of men and remain there until retirement. When you look at education statistics you’ll see that more education is an effective tool for increasing earnings, but it is not an effective tool against the gender pay gap. At every level of academic achievement, women’s median earnings are less than men’s median earnings, and in some cases, the gender pay gap is larger at higher levels of education. While more education is an effective tool for increasing earnings, it is not an effective tool against the gender pay gap. In nearly every line of work, women face a pay gap no matter their education background or training. While a pay gap exists in nearly every occupational field, jobs traditionally associated with men tend to pay better than traditional female jobs, regardless of skill required. Even in 2012, women and men still tend to work in different kinds of jobs. This segregation of occupations is a major factor behind the pay gap. A significant part of the problem with workplace inequality is that women, throughout history have traditionally assumed the responsibility of child-rearing. As a result, women’s work outside the home is still seen as secondary or supplemental, even when they occupy highly skilled, professional, or management positions. The reasoning is that the Father’s responsibility is with employment, while the Mother’s is with the household. However, this is increasingly no longer the case in modern society. Employers often perceive working mothers as confronting a conflict of loyalty between home and work, and assume that these women, regardless of their circumstances, will lack the commitment required of the â€Å"ideal worker,† and thus they often exclude women as candidates for positions structured for such workers. Studies have shown that often times when a woman has to take a leave of absence from her job to meet family responsibilities, these absences have hurt their potential for future advancement within their organizations and others. Some businesses feel women will place their professional lives on hold in order to attend to family needs. This however is not always the case. If needed there should be a child care facilities on site, which should provide flexible working arrangements and hours. I personally believe that woman can balance the two lives, if the company is willing to provide assistance. There is experimental research documented showing that employers are less likely to hire mothers compared with childless women, and when employers do make an offer to a mother, they offer them lower salaries than they do other women. Fathers, in contrast, do not suffer a penalty compared with other men. Clearly, parenthood often affects men and women very differently in terms of labor force participation and how they are viewed by employers, and that difference may be reflected in a worker’s salary. According to the U. S. Department of Labor, more than 50% of women participate in the labor force. Of those 57 million in the workforce, only 72% work full time while the other 28% are part time workers. Many of those part-time workers hold multiple jobs. Even though women occupy more jobs than before, we can still a concentration in jobs being viewed as traditionally female. The top five occupations for women in 2003 were secretaries and administrative assistants (96. 3%), elementary and middle school teachers (80. 6%), registered nurses (90. 2%), nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides (89%), and cashiers (75. 5%). Women continue to get paid less than men. Despite the awareness of gender inequality, there are still arguments about gender difference and assumptions that women and men are from different plants. The workplace still remains an unequal area, by persistent sex segregation, wage inequality, sex discrimination, and sexual harassment. Both women and men work, not only because they have to but want to. Employers should not judge women as being non-dependable. Family structure has changed dramatically over the years. Both parents share the family responsibilities. To compensate for the change businesses have introduced flextime, job sharing, telecommuting, on-site day care, and parental leave. Employers should accommodate a woman’s needs and expand the gender diversity in their company. There was a time where balance of respect and roles never existed between the two, but today, both men and women are truly redefining themselves and their relationships with each other. Most importantly women have broken from the bondage of dependence on men. They no longer have to submit themselves to one main role in the family life as the mother; they can now go beyond that and become the family breadwinner. How to cite Social Inequality, Papers Social Inequality Free Essays string(43) " the effectiveness of redress legislation\." All that a good government aims at, is to add no social constructs to the force of its own unavoidable consequences, and to abstain from strengthening social inequality as a means of increasing political inequalities. With that said, in this paper I will briefly address the race, class, gender debate with greater emphasis on diversity and social development policies taken up by post apartheid South Africa to redress inequality. It is imperative that we define key concepts in order to fully grasp the notion of this paper. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Inequality or any similar topic only for you Order Now Firstly inequality is defined as the unequal distribution of power, wealth, income and social status. But what creates structural inequalities in societies? Race, class and gender! Hence the term â€Å"social inequality†, it refers to the ways in which socially-defined categories of persons (according to characteristics such as gender, age, ‘class’ and ethnicity) are differentially positioned with regard to access to a variety of social ‘goods’, such as the labour market and other sources of income, the education and healthcare systems, and forms of political representation and participation (Web 1). Creating inclusive organisations that welcome diversity and meet needs of different social groups is termed as diversity management (Beall 1997:3). Social development policies refer to the social relations necessary for human wellbeing and the systems by which wellbeing may be promoted. Social inequality as mentioned above was created through power struggles on which colonialism, apartheid and segregation were based (Terreblanche 2002:26). We live in a country where our worth has been minimized to a social construct , where individuals identities are shaped by these factors which decide if one is a â€Å"have or have-not† and are denied the same level of access to rewards and resources as other groups. As a result many participants in the workplace experience discrimination. Discrimination in the workplace is based on the â€Å"so called differences† of workers in an organisation relating to the â€Å"evil triplets (race, class and gender) of South Africa as described by Cebekhulu in (Simon, Madimeng Khan 2011:31). Discrimination is largely influenced by the power of one class over the other in the context of South Africa we are talking about the capitalists over the working class. In South Africa exclusion has gone beyond inter racial inequalities and now it is intra racial(within one race group) hence the development of black elites created by Black Economic Empowerment(which we will discuss in the latter part of this paper) and the poor black. This gap between the haves and the have-nots originates from the apartheid regime due to the impact of institutionalized discrimination which saw the advent of extraction of cheap labour therefore leading to the exclusion of majority of South Africa to fall under â€Å"elite class†. However companies have adopted diversity management to try mending the cracks between individuals in an organisation. Firstly what is diversity? According to Beall it is variation and modification according to wealth, race and gender issues, education and occupational level (1997:9). We understand that our differences create conflict amidst social identities therefore the need for diversity management is crucial. Diversity management assists members of an organization to embrace the fact that we are not the same therefore differences in opinions and views may arise(Web 2) therefore members are encouraged to be tolerant and accepting of others and their ways of doing things because it brings a variety of â€Å"ingredients†( interests, values, physical and emotional characteristics to the â€Å"pot† (workplace). The crux of this paper is on the social development policies which are concerned with meeting the needs of individuals by redistributing resources to the most needy, however we find that by targeting a certain â€Å"deserving group† further creates more problems. Why is this so? Because the people that are said to be needy are socially constructed, we tend to decide who needs what based on their current state which therefore attaches a stigma or a label to that person. When we label and categorize people according to identities they assert we fail to recognise their full potential (Beall 1997:10). For example a disabled person can come to be seen as disabled as compared to others which clouds ones vision of that person’s strengths, weaknesses and qualifications and therefore we tend to undermine their capabilities. The act of targeting â€Å"a specific group† further perpetuates status and class which was discussed above in the race class debate, further widening the gap between the haves and the have-nots. As mentioned above that an effective diversity management program will promote recognition and respect for the individual differences found among a group of employees, we must note that organisations face numerous problems associated with managing diversity and culture therefore it is of utmost importance that when policy making and management takes place it should collaborate with diversity(Beall 1997:10). Hence why he states that diversity management requires employment equity in its implementation. The Employment Equity Act (EEA) no. 55 of 1998 was set in place to redress inequality in South Africa which was created by discriminatory laws and related practices of the apartheid regime, its aim was to ensure no individuals were denied employment opportunities for reasons unrelated to ability. (Butterworth, 2001: 11). Its great focus was on developing the previously marginalised which also included women. In a report on Pretoria news by the South African Reserve governor, Marcus (2011), statistics show that South African women make up 52 percent of the total population according to Statistics South Africa (Website 3) and contribute 41 percent of a total national labour force but hold 19. 3 percent of top senior positions in management as relatively compared to their other countries, in Australia 8 percent, Canada 16. 9 percent and US 14. 4 percent on gender economic empowerment. There are a number of reasons for why women did not participate equally in the workplace like males, firstly past policies were more gender insensitive, cultural patterns placed women in domesticated positions such as secretaries because they feminine and compassionate. Whereas majority managerial positions are assigned to men because they masculine and tough. Hence, employment changes have undermined the effectiveness of redress legislation. You read "Social Inequality" in category "Essay examples" When considering the success of redress legislation, we need to consider the nature of employment in the labour market by assessing the pressures from international labour markets as well as recent trends of employment. Like the Skills Development Act it negatively affected employment creation because they have increased non wage cost of labour. Secondly Affirmative Action is also viewed as a diversity management tool. According to Human affirmative action â€Å"is a temporary intervention to achieve equal opportunities and to eliminate disparities between diverse employees† (1996:2)). Note, there tends to be confusion between affirmative action and EEA, well evidently enough they are both government initiatives that promoted fairness for â€Å"a specific group† that shows the pool of skills available in the labour market. As highlighted in the topic â€Å"targeting specific groups poses danger† I support this statement because managing diversity should not put a label on individuals as noted by Beall because as individuals we differ even in our abilities. When we use iversity management based on differences, we note that these differences tend to lock people into distinct categories, and can imply social discrimination(Cassim 2012) hence the â€Å"danger†. Take for instance a black student from a rural background and one from the suburbs then ask them to present a lecture in IOLS, there is a greater chance that the student from a suburban background will have greater communication skills as opposed to the other yet they both qualified to study IOLS at tertiary level. Hence whilst a person maybe black, he may differ greatly from other black employees (Cassim 2012). I believe it is incorrect that we may manage diversity based on stereotypes and prejudices (Herselman 2004: 157) we have about others and apply it to the organisational culture rather we understand that people share common aspects but differ gradually. Without affirmative action promoting diverse employees, organizations would rarely have the diversity of staff to reach a stage where differences are valued and diversity is effectively managed. We need to understand that managing diversity is crucial for the development of individuals in organisations. If we are to truly eradicate social inequalities in our society, the better management of diversity will assist organisations in doing so. Thirdly it is interesting to note that Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) is linked to employment equality just like we found affirmative action to be. Pay careful attention to the fact that BEE is not affirmative action but EEA forms part of it (Butterworth; 2001:36). BEE is a program launched by the South African government to redress the inequalities of Apartheid by giving previously disadvantaged groups (black Africans, Coloureds and Indians, who are South African citizens) economic opportunities (Southall 2004:456). The main objective of BEE is to address the systematic exclusion of the majority of South Africans from full participation in the economy (Ronnie 2006: 6). But the question is,did BEE meet its objectives? David Masondo criticized BEE accusing the ANC of collaborating with the white capitalists to transfer wealth to the black elite. This statement is supported by the minimalist approach of BEE which promotes black businessmen and black businesses in the private sector (Southall 2004: 456), due to this commonly known definition of BEE it is the reason why we view it as only favouring a few elite blacks. Few elite blacks? Target specific groups†? Iis there a link here? Yes, because initially BEE also targeted a certain group of people it did ot address inequality on a broader scale it was only with the advent of Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment which took the maximalist approach which entails the comprehensive restructuring of institutions and society which aims to empower black people on a whole as a collective (Southall 2004:456). To answer the question of whether BEE could be used as a manager of diversity I stand to say no, because apartheid witnessed white capital built through the exploitation of black people and today from the first few years of ANC led government saw the rise of black elites. The elites enriched themselves through BEE instead of contributing actively to the broader transformational process meaning BEE is used by black elites to comfortably position themselves. Note, apartheid created a divide between blacks and whites and today BEE has created a further divide within blacks themselves hence creating â€Å"class† ( black elite and poor blacks). Therefore I would conclude that BEE would not have dealt with diversity management effectively. Given this it is important for whites to realize that it will not be easy to resolve inequality. Policies have been put in place to address these gaps, but how effective have they been? Another policy that has been introduced is the Basic Conditions of Employment Act, 75 of 1997 which aimed to protect workers. However it is said to contribute to failure to create more jobs in South Africa, reason being the act creates minimum working conditions that employers have to abide by, this increases cost of labor/ productivity. Some believe employers are reluctant to hire more workers (it will create more employment opportunities) due to this act. However if implemented correctly the BCEA can have more promising benefits, it could improve working conditions of low paid workers in South Africa. We must note that it might not have a positive effect on employment creation but has a positive effect on the composition of employment. The best diversity management tool must set out to increase productivity and the quality of work life. It encourages tolerance of those we believe are different to us and also celebrates diverse opinions and views which color a workplace. Also it must encourage employees to understand that the needs and behaviours of other cultures will be different to ours therefore clear respectful communication is important between cultures is. Therefore a tool that I believe could manage diversity effectively is Ubuntu. In my understanding ubuntu is showing an act of humanity and compassion to others, hence, we need to accept cultural differences but manage diversity for example, respect the cultural belief of Africans, the Muslim dress code and so forth. This concept is based on brotherhood and unity- It is a unifying vision or world view coined in the Zulu â€Å"umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu†, meaning â€Å"a person is a person through other persons† (Shutte, 1993:46). I believe South Africa could find Ubuntu as a winning strategy at managing diversity instead of using methods of other points on a compass for they fail in our country because they not suited for our SA organisations for we must note that each organisation in a different region operates differently and faces different challenges. Its’ strategy was used as a stepping stone to develop unified visions of the community and to create a sense of belonging in the workplace therefore it will encourage and motivate individuals to being team players and work as a team effectively. What is important and a very good point is the fact that ubuntu believes the way forward and to succeed is through human dignity and respecting one another. Hence, if South African organisations aim to be competitive and to manage diversity appropriately simultaneously, they need to adopt it as a practice within their processes. As a management approach it should address the main challenge in South Africa which is the lack of skills, how so? By training the current scholars with the goal to develop skills within them. Mindsets of individuals must shift away from assigning people labels because this creates more problems on its own. Using ubuntu to manage diversity will lead to people working together and reach a point of competitive spirit and advantage (Cassim 2012). Lastly we must pay attention to the fact that ubuntu is an attempt to move away from solidifying identities based on race etc. s it creates a â€Å"danger†. In conclusion since South Africa’s first democratic elections in 1994 that country has underwent great transformations in the workplace. As we see today the growing number of women entering the labour force and the inclusion of blacks. However one of the biggest challenges faced by South African organisation’s is managing our cultural differences that hinder progress. I t is advent that diversity is not going away especially as we continue to develop policies that â€Å"target a specific group† all we are doing by singling a group we are enlarging the ap between the haves and the have-nots. Diversity is here to stay and all leaders and managers have to find methods that will help eradicate inequalities based on social constructs and cope with diversity. Implementation of social policies led to South Africa redefining itself as a non racial and democratic society. Research shows that parliament merited the employment equity act which is said to have eradicated inequalities in the business organisations towards true meaning of diversity. As stated above diversity problems will always be tattooed over our country because for centuries it was faced with oppression which lead to blacks feeling inferior and as a result to date some blacks believe that they are less capable than whites. These stereotypes lie beneath the surface but are still very much alive and shouting. Sad reality is that our labour market is still dominated by white ownership and management. Some believe that opportunities for whites irrespective of their income or educational status remain abundant. There have been a number of wealthy blacks rising, and a rise in the middle class thanks’ to the development of BEE. However not all is lost, on the positive side, the number of blacks in higher education dramatically increased, the number of blacks as business owners’ increased, black managers and black professionals have increased. But yes on the other end of the scale the quality of education received in primary years is still questionable. The question is when will we stop using race as a measure in employment? Reference Page 1. Beall, J. (1997) Valuing Difference and Working with Diversity 2. Butterworths (2001). â€Å"Basic Conditions of Emloyment Act†. Durban: Butterworth Publishers (PTY) Ltd. 3. Moodley, N (2000). â€Å"An Exploratory Study of the Attitude of Middle Managers in the Greater Durban Area: A Focus on Cultural Diversity and Cultural Diversity Mangement†. Durban: UKZN 4. Shutte, A. 1993. Philosophy for Africa. Rondebosch, South Africa: UCT Press. 5. Southall, R. (2004) Black Empowerment and Corporate Capital. State of the Nation 2004-2005 [online] Available at: www. hsrcpress. ac. za 6. Terreblanche, S. (2002) A history of Inequality in South Africa. [e-book] Pietermaritzburg: University of Natal Press Other Sources Web 1: http://www. ceelbas. ac. uk/research/socialinequality Date Accessed: 9 August 2012 Web 2: http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-diversity-management. htm (Accessed on 25-08-12 11:30 am) Web 3: Website 2: Statistics South Africa. (2006) Women in Leadershirship. [online] Available at: http:///www. statistics. com[Accessed 24 August 2012] How to cite Social Inequality, Essay examples

Madame Bovary The Tragic Love Triangle Of Yonville Essay Example For Students

Madame Bovary: The Tragic Love Triangle Of Yonville Essay MadameBovary: The Tragic Love Triangle of YonvilleGustave Fluberts masterpiece, Madame Bovary,was first published in 1857. The novel shocked many of its readers andcaused a chain reaction that spread through all of France and ultimatelycalled for the prosecution of the author. Since that time however, MadameBovary, has been recognized by literature critics as being the model forthe present literary period, being the realistic novel period. It is nowconsidered a novel of great worth and one which contains an important andmoving plot. In addition, it provides a standard against which to comparethe works of writers to follow. It is nearly impossible to truly understandmodern European and American fiction without reading, Madame Bovary. Charles Bovary, the only son of a middle-classfamily, became a doctor and set up his practice in a rural village. Hethen married a women who was quite older then himself. He was unhappilymarried to her saying that Her dresses barely hung on her bony frame,This coming right before her death. Upon his wifes death, Charles marriedan attractive young women named Emma Roualt, the daughter of one of hispatients. Emma married Charles with overwhelming expectations. She thoughtmarriage would be filled with three things, bliss, passion, and ecstasy. Emma had a character that was 1) dissatisfied 2) adulterous and 3) freespending. For a while she was excited and pleased by her marriage, butoverwhelmed by her new life, she quickly became dissatisfied. As a resultof her dissatisfaction she became mentally ill. For the sake of her health the Bovarysmoved to a new town, Yonville, where their daughter was born. Emmas unhappinesscontinued, and she began to have romantic feelings toward Leon, a younglaw clerk. After Leon left the town in order to attend law school. Emmasboredom and frustration became more intense after Leon left. She beganto forget her role as a wife and mother. Charles tried many times to pleasebut none of his efforts were successful, and she did not value or understandCharles love for her. Finally Emma had an adulterous affair with Rodolphe,a local land owner. Upon realizing Emmas intentions of an affair withhim he states that he is Gasping for love, and this wins her heart over. Rodolphe then leaves for a period of six weeks and Emma then becomes seriouslyill again. After her recovery, Rodolphe returns and the only explanationfor his actions is Absence makes the heart grow fonder. She then runsacross Leon in Rowen and began to resume were they left off. In order toafford the trips to Rowen to see Leon and satisfy her own needs, Emma spenther husbands money freely and incurred many debts. She kept this secretfrom Charles and managed to obtain a Power of Attorney, so that she wouldhave full control over their financial affairs. Eventually her unpaid billswent long overdue and judgment was obtained against the creditors. Sheowed a vast sum of money, and the sheriffs officers arrived to confiscatethe family property. Emma tried frantically to raise the money and finallyturning to Leon, but he was unable to help, nor was he willing. She eventried to get back Rodolphe, by saying I stayed with you, because I couldnttear myself away, he would have no part of her any more and unwillingto help. Out of shame and despair of herself, she poisons herself to die. Shortly afterwards, now a ruined and broken man, also died, leaving theirdaughter to a life of poverty.

Sample Media Interview Qa free essay sample

Sample Media Interview QA Internal Question Answer (QA) documents are often developed to prepare media spokespersons for interviews and include tougher questions than FAQs. Internal QAs also include areas of vulnerability (e. g. who is to blame and could the medical response have been quicker? ) Use the sample QAs below as a guide to create your own during a crisis event. Q: What happened? (Examples: How many people were injured or killed? How much property damage occurred? ) A: At approximately XX:XX, an incident was reported at (location). The details at this point are unknown, however we are working very closely with local emergency response agencies to ensure that the safety of the surrounding community remains the number one priority. Q: Was this a terrorist incident? A: An investigation is taking place and we will update you with details from that investigation as we receive them. We will write a custom essay sample on Sample Media Interview Qa or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Right now, however, our greatest concern is for the welfare of the victims and their families. Q: When did it happen? A: Early reports indicate that the incident happened at approximately XX:XX. Q: Who is to blame? A: The details at this point are unknown. An investigation is taking place and we will update you with details from that investigation as we receive them. Right now, our main focus is on rescue efforts and on the well-being of the victims and their families. Q: Has this ever happened before? A: I will be happy to research that and get back to you, right now we are focused on the incident at hand, and on making sure that members of the surrounding community are safe. Q: Who was involved? A: In order to protect the privacy of those involved, we are withholding the release of victims’ names pending notification of family members. Q: Why did it happen? What was the cause? A: Those details will be investigated. Right now our primary concern is for the welfare of the victims and their families. Q: Will there be inconvenience to the public? A: That information will become available once the damage is assessed by local emergency response agencies. If we gather future information, we will be sure to pass it along. Q: When will we find out more? A: Our company, along with our local emergency response agencies, will be providing updates throughout the day. We encourage you to check our website at www. xxxxxx. com for up-to-the-minute information.

PC vs. Mac essays

PC vs. Mac essays In the late 20th Century, the mighty invention was completed. Our first Computer ENIAC had been developed. It was a basic calculating device that contained about 17,000 vacuum tubes. Because of its huge body, only the military built it and used it. However, as we always sought better technology to expand our digital world, ENIAC had been modernized to be a smaller and faster computer using IC (integrated circuit). Two major computer companies, IBM and Apple both developed their own computer systems originated from IC-computers, and the competition between these two companies had not been put to an end yet. There is still an immense controversy over which system is greater. I admit that Apple Macintoshes have more stable operating systems and are easier to use, but, in my opinion, people should get IBM compatible PCs because of their variety of software choice, better performance, and relatively cheaper price. First of all, IBM compatibles have more various selection of software. Despite the popularity of Apple Macintoshes in the 80 ¡Ã‚ ¯s, people chose to use IBM compatibles after Microsoft released Windows, and IBM compatibles became the industry standard. Program developers began to write programs compatible only with Windows, which was the major operating system of IBM PCs. Since IBM dominated the market, it is rare to see a program only compatible with Mac in the market. Now, there are millions of software from games to business tools working with Windows. Nonetheless, some Mac users still say that there are unique programs only compatible with Macs and programs that work better with Macs. For example, some graphic designers say Adobe Photoshop CS on Mac OS (an unique operation system for Macintoshes) performs better than Windows version of Photoshop. However, IBM computers have many more graphic designing programs that work great with Windows. The broader selection of so ftware enables people to find ...

A Study Of Thailands Sex Tourism

A Study Of Thailand's Sex Tourism 4Sex Tourism in ThailandAs we enter a new millenium the post-colonial nations in the world are still searching for ways to compete in an increasingly globalized, consumption driven economic environment. Many developing countries have speculated that Tourism is an effective catalyst for development as well as increased international understanding. Thailand, who has embraced tourism as the key to its modernization strategy, has been hailed by many as a paradigm for success. Over the past twenty years Thailand has enjoyed one of the fastest economic growth rates of any developing country. This rapid progress has allowed Thailand to emerge as an economic leader in the Third world. The $4 billion a year in tourism revenue is the core support of the Thai economy (Bishop, p. VI). Thai officials have attributed the success of the tourism industry to the many attractions located in various parts of the country as well as the uniqueness of the Thai people their friendliness and hospitality (B ishop, p. 67). However the Thai government has failed to recognize the contributions of sex tourism which is estimated to generate about $1.5 billion every year, according to Professor Krikiat Phiapatserithan of Thammasat University (World congress, regional profiles, p. 3). Thailands failure to recognize the sex tourism is reflective of the discourse used by the worldwide tourism industry to analyze the industry s success. From the standpoint of the tourism industry the success of tourism is directly related only to economic factors, anything else is seen as unnecessary. It is in the best interest of tourism corporations and the countries that are dependent on tourism to discourage the circulation of information regarding any of the potential negative effects related to tourism. The censorship of information by these entities has caused much of the general public to be ignorant of the adverse consequences of the mass tourist industry in Thailand. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the sex tourism, using Thailand as the basis of my investigation. I will begin by shedding light on the complex social and economic factors that has formed the modern sex industry of Thailand. Then I will link the damaging effects to the Thailand s cultural va lues and quality of life to the emergence of child sex tourism, which in recent years has immerged as a significant contributor of tourist revenue. Subsequently I will give examples of how deliberate manipulations of information by the Thai government and the tourism industry is responsible for the spread of inaccurate images relating to sex tourism. Then I will attempt to link the manipulation of information to tourist s behaviors and attitudes as well as Thai government policy. In conclusion I will give the future outlook for sex tourism in Thailand.Historical, Social and Economic Roots:Vietnam is believed by many to be the beginning of the creation of a large-scale sex industry in Thailand. During the Vietnam War Thailand was a popular destination for rest and relaxation for American servicemen. To meet the demands of American soldiers, who were eager to pay for a temporary sexual partner, new brothels and go-go bars sprang up almost overnight. Following the war the Thai government took an active stance in promoting the growth of the tourist industry in the hope that it would contribute to the modernization process. The half-a-million prostitutes left over from the war were seen as a commodity that could be actively exploited in exchange for the influx of much needed foreign currency. Sex tours from Japan brought many free spending Japanese that significantly aided to the rapid growth of tourism. Tourist arrivals jumped from one million in 1973 to five million in 1990. During this time the Thai government made no attempts to curb the growth of prostitution. In fact they adopted measures that encouraged its growth. Deputy Prime Minister Boonchoo Rojanasathian urged the national conference of provincial governors to encourage certain entertainment , which might be viewed as disgusting and embarrassing because they are related to sexual pleasures (Jubilee, p. 3). The result of this speech was the relaxation of regulations regarding the operation of bars . Eventually the growth of Thailand s tourist industry succeeded in creating rapid economic growth, and modernization. However, Thailand has become so dependent on the tourist industry that a significant reduction of the number of tourist, for any reason, would likely result in the collapse of the entire Thai economy, which would result in widespread poverty. This is one reason why Thai officials have been reluctant to crack down on the sex industry, which is estimated to contribute a quarter of all of the revenues brought in by tourism. The rapid growth and modernization created by tourism has rapidly changed the economic and social structures of Thailand. These shifts have caused the Thai economy and Thai women to be enslaved to the sex trade.Thailand s total gross national income has nearly tripled in the past 50 years (World Congress, background, p. 2). However, despite this rapid growth the disparity of income between the rich and the poor has only widened (Jubilee, p. 4). This disparity has been caused by a drastic shift from an economy based on agriculture to the spread of a market economy. Lower crop prices and crop failures due to drought and floods resulted in widespread poverty among the rural people of Thailand. This has forced the mass migration of the rural population to the cities (Jubilee, p.2). The dire economic reality of these people has caused a disintegration of traditional Thai families. Until recently Thailand was a patriarchal society. One study showed that 73% of the families said they would like to have daughters, while only 27% expressed the desire to have sons (Jubilee, p. 3). Widespread poverty has lead families to consider children, especially females, as economic burdens. Children and women have dropped to the lowest strata of the socioeconomic scale, and have thus suffered the most (Jubilee, p. 4). The closing of options for many families have compelled parents to force their children to fend for themselves and in some circumstances it has led people to sell their children, especially daughters (World Congress, backgrounder, p. 1). The influx of western ideals is another factor that has contributed to the victimization of many women and children by the sex industry. The spread of consumerism by the mass media and through face to face interactions with western tourists has caused Thais to increasingly value money and consumer items. Materialism has led many to value possessions more then their sense of self worth. This materialistic greed has lead many poor families to sell their children in order to obtain material possessions. The market value of a ch ild is between 7,000 and 30,000 baht, depending on the physical attractiveness of the child (Jubilee, p.2). To families living in constant poverty and who only earn 5,000 baht a year 30,000 baht is very enticing. The emergence of the Child Sex Market:The market for children prostitutes has been created by a number of factors. During the 1970 s pedophiles from Western countries were attracted to Thailand because of its lenient laws against prostitution and the high currency exchange rate (Jubilee, p. 3). The supply of customers caused pimps to acquire children through sale and through kidnapping to meet their demand. Widespread rural poverty and the low socioeconomic status of children caused the influx of a large supply of rural children that could be acquired relatively cheep. To prevent the interference of the government Thai officials were bribed or in some cases offered a portion of the profits of the trade. When the AIDS epidemic severely hit the sex industry during the 1980 s many sex tourist began to engage in child sex tourism because children were seen as a safe alternative to adults. Child prostitutes were seen as being less risky due to their young age. Contrary to this notion sex with child prostitutes actually increases the likelihood of the transmission of AIDS due to the immature bodies of children (Jubilee, p. 4). In the past decade the media, most specifically the travel industry, has developed a taste for women with girly qualities. The result of this trend is a st eadily increasing demand for underage prostitutes as well as the continual decline in the desired age for child prostitutes. Due to these unfortunate circumstances the child sex trade has steadily grown and it is estimated that every year one million children are enter the sex trade (World Congress, overview, p. 2). The Manipulation of the Spread of Information by the Government:Despite the immeasurable damage that the sex trade has caused the people of Thailand the government has refused to take an active role in controlling it. In the name of prosperity the Thai government has reduced its focus on matters relating to tourism to exclude everything that is not strictly an economic function (Bishop, p. 66). In essence the Thai government feels justified in sacrificing an entire generation of women and children for economic development. THAI International, a government funded agency, addressed the problems associated with the AIDS epidemic and the sex trade, not as a threat to the nation or its people, but as a threat to the tourism industry (Bishop, p. 68). It seems that greed for money, and power has led to widespread government corruption that has led to a sickening disintegration of morals. The Thai government has swept sex tourism under the carpet with a public relations campaign designed at salvaging tourism s identity (bishop, p. 70). Thai social critic Siriporn Skrobanek claims that The ruling class values the bodies of poor women as a means to attract tourists to earn foreign exchange. This strategy made Thailand a country where all people who go there, like it and long to return. It is beautiful and there is something for everybody (Bishop, p. 75). In the past decade the Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) and THAI International has led an effort at attracting affluent white male tourists. One add, issued by a company called incentive Asia Destination Services, promises to turn fantasy into reality and reality into fantasy for deserving high achievers . A brochure titled Thai Values: Travel to the Land of Smiles, says Thai values make Thailand the ultimate incentive; So much for so little; Beauty and the beach; Antiques, Thai arts and crafts all at bargain prices; Living values; The most affordable luxury in Asia; and All the pageantry of Thailand at your command. This advertisement is promoting a form of neo colonialism. Goods in the form of pleasure are exploited by rich ex-imperialistic powers at the expense of a poor undeveloped country (Bishop, p. 70). The Thai government refuses to blatantly acknowledge sex tourism. For if they did it would not be acceptable to openly promote the industry. Instead they promote Thailand as a place with sensuous, beautiful, young women who are eager to serve you to the fullest. The Manipulation of the Spread of Information by the Tourism Industry:There are actual sex tours that you can procure for a modest some of money. The promotional advertising can be found in glossy brochures, and through tour information on the Internet. I was able to find two Asian sex tour agencies on the Internet. It is shocking to see how these ads have contributed to creating and supporting stereotypes about the tourist indust ry of Thailand. The first ad that I analyzed is from an agency called Thailand Teenage Girls Bangkok. It reads Have you ever wished you could go on a n exotic vacation and be surrounded by little teenage girls who just want you for sex!! Well if you go a sex vacation you can have sex with lovely little teenage girls like these all day and night a different one each time if you like! Why not take a week vacation to an exotic destination and fuck your brains out. Everything is arranged for you including a guide who can arrange girls for you! See details inside!!! Who knows you may even want to bring one home with you and this can also be arranged! On the front page it shows ten young, dark, nude Thai women. The women on the cover are consciously designed so that the reader believes that all of Thai women are friendly, beautiful, and primitive. The add promotes the hedonistic idea that the women in Thailand who are prostitutes just want you for sex. It fails to mention that many of the women are victim s of poverty, and in some cases kidnapping. The most shocking aspect of this add is the deliberate promotion of prostitution with teenage girls. It is not difficult for one to twist the message of the add so that it says come have sex with little girls and boys. It is illegal for companies to sell sex with a minor. However, despite these regulations it still occurs. Danny Smith, an undercover news reporter for a British television channel, secretly recorded with a hidden camera what a tour operator told him I can confirm that we can get you kids about ten or eleven. No problem at all? If you want the kids younger, just give me an age. Give me a number. Although child sex tourism is not seen in the general public it certainly exists. There have been cases of children as young as four who have been sold into prostitution (Smith, p. 1). The second add is from Ultimate Asia Sex Tour Travel in Video, which is based out of Honolulu, Hawaii. The first paragraph says: If you ever dreamed of going to Thailand and screwing every night with the most beautiful young sexy girls with thousands of the most luscious sexy girls just waiting to satisfy your wildest sexual fantasies now is the time to go with the Thailand Baht at an all time low!!! It promotes the myth that Thai women are all erotic and beautiful and only wish to please you. Also this add promotes the economic inequalities that allows westerners to exploit Thailand. In the first paragraph of the tour update it says: Have you ever fantasized about secretly escaping to a exotic location surrounded by hundreds of young beautiful sexy half-naked girls without a care if anybody see you or talk about you? This paragraph advocates a ritual inversion of behavior. That is, because you are in a different land surround by people you don t know it is all right to act in ways that you might consider unacceptable behavior in your home society. Also the ad promotes neocolonialism because it supports the idea that the women of this land are primitive and inferior which justifies exploiting them for sex. Conclusion and the Future of Sex Tourism in Thailand:In conclusion, sex tourism, although important to the Thai economy, has many serious consequences that have to a large extent been painted over by the media. Due to Thailand s dependence on the tourism industry it would be impossible to completely abolish the trade at once. A more equitable distribution of resources among the people of Thailand is necessary for Thailand to be able to end the sex trade. It is important for the world, as well as the people of Thailand, to be informed about the true consequences of sex tourism. This would dispel many of the myths and stereo types that have perpetuated ethnocentric ritual inversions of behavior by western tourist seeking a hedonistic experience. The people of Thailand must be informed of the drastic cost associated with sex tourism. This could potentially cause enough public uproar to prompt changes in the government s stance on sex tourism. Sex Tourism s place in the future in Thailand and the rest of the world is still very uncertain. It will be interesting to see how the nature of the industry changes in the future.

Terrorism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Terrorism - Assignment Example The arson attack was made with the help of a gallon of gasoline, but there was no major damage done to the Church. In the same month, Ellison with another CSA member firebombed ‘the Beth Shalom synagogue’, which also did no major damage (Hamm, 2007, p. 102). On 2nd November, another failed attack was there by CSA members on the natural gas pipeline that ‘crossed the Red River between Mena and Texarkana, Arkansas’ (Hamm, 2007, p. 102). The CSA members used twenty-three sticks of dynamite to rupture it and expected a riot leading to their holy war, but the dynamites only dented the pipeline. Later on, facing the shortage of money, Ellison guided small groups of his followers to do shoplifting, stealing vehicles and doing other kind of robberies for funds generation. Snell and Thomas, two active members of CSA robbed a pawnshop in Texarkana and during their robbery, Snell murdered a proprietor considering him a Jew, while he was not (Hamm, 2007). The CSA was recognized as a Christian extremist group using military training and weaponry to spread terror. The group kept an extremist religious ideology that claimed their superiority over other races. The whole group had racist ideologies due to which, their targeted other religious and social groups. Richard Snell, an active and racist CSA member brutally killed Louis Bryant, a Black and an Arkansas State Trooper on June 30, 1984. After the incident, Snell escaped from the crime scene and upon finding himself circulated by police officers later on, he opened fire on them, after which, he was shot and taken into custody. The investigative team of Oklahoma Bureau of Investigation found weapons, hatred literature from his vehicle and some other future targeted people’s documents (Wong, 2011). The government paid utmost attention to the extremists group and the FBI and other law enforcement agencies categorized CSA as a serious domestic threat

Short analysis and response paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Short analysis and response paper - Essay Example Again, the photo was created for the chapel, honoring Cardinal Francesco Vendramin. This shows that the photo was positively received as it was liked to the extend of keeping it in the chapel (church) for the remembrance of the cardinal. My initial response about this art is that, the photo is great as it portrays a high level of creativity shown in designing it. However, when compared with other photos that could portray the same massage as this one, for instance, the virgin and child in the small garden by Trellis Circa, it is evident that this photo has much exposed features and raises more speculations from the illustrations used. I was drawn to this work by the presentation of illustrations. I can see the Virgin Mary holding a child (Christ), whose image affects the meaning that he has come to save those under barbaric bondage. It also reminds me of church teachings about the humility of the Virgin Mary. What I like about this photo is that, its illustrations are easily understood, hence the designer’s massage is quickly

President of the English Department Student Association Essay Example for Free

President of the English Department Student Association Essay â€Å"There is no student incapable of learning, only teachers incapable of instruction. † I became particularly enamored of this statement during my fourth year teaching. To raise the caliber of my instruction, to reside in a new cultural environment and broaden my horizons, and to facilitate a sincere desire to aid student development, I am laying down my comfortable and secure government position to apply for entrance to your Master’s program in TESOL for the Fall semester of 2001. I have always had an excellent academic performance at school, but unlike those who only have good grades, I also understood the significance of leading a well-rounded student life. Not only have I participated in many different kinds of activities and competitions, but I have also held various part-time jobs with the result my life experience is far richer than my peers. A particular benefit of this is that I am more tolerant and understanding of others and appreciative of the strengths peculiar to individuals. My parents are both secondary school teachers, and they place great emphasis on children’s reading development. Thus we siblings all cultivated good learning habits. Therefore, during my undergraduate years, I was in the habit of fully previewing reading material that professors assigned before giving lectures, in addition to the usual taking of notes. I also made full use of library services and materials to supplement my reading. As a result, in both linguistics and literature, I consistently earned good grades and tended to be a more creative student. I graduated from college as the number one government-sponsored student in my graduating class (there were 25 of us) and won a large number of scholarships in the process. Although I work hard at whatever I do, I have always been generous sharing the fruits of my efforts with others. Scholastic performance is naturally important, but the mutual learning process inspired by sharing one’s knowledge and experiences with others is even more important. Through my teaching, I hope to inculcate students with a similar attitude and inspire them to base their self-assurance on themselves and not look for it from others. In addition to strictly academic pursuits, I participated in many societies and organizations, playing many leading roles. I held several interesting part-time positions such as Stage Management Assistant for the Russian Sligo Ballet Dance Company, Campaign Assistant during the presidential election campaign for the now-ruling Democratic Progressive Party, and as Translator for the 1994 Taipei International Toy Show in World Trade Center. On campus I was the Editor for departmental publications and President of the English Department Student Association. Also, I was the stage lighting supervisor for my graduating year’s public drama performance. The most important event I worked on was as a school representative helping organize and setup the National Alumni Association of Senior High Schools in Hsinchu. Under our efforts, it became an official association recognized and sponsored by the Hsinchu City Government. Speaking of sports, I enjoy volleyball and badminton very much. Thus, I was assigned to be the school badminton club instructor as part of my teaching practice. Also worth mentioning is that I was a volunteer instructor at two orphanages, giving those in need love and care. At junior high school, I was an advanced science student but on reaching high school I became really attached to popular music in general and the heavy metal genre in particular. My interest in reading lyric sheets prompted the discovery that the underlying concepts and cultural background of foreign and domestic music are often very different. This inspired me to transfer from the university science preparatory track to the study of English. Continuing to earn high grades, I attended the Department of English at Chang Hua University of Education on scholarship. My abiding interest in English ensured I was highly motivated but the well-chosen course materials also naturally engendered interest. In 1997, because of my good performance, I was assigned to Taipei Municipal Fu-Hsing Senior High School to complete my teaching practice. A year later, I became a certified English teacher and have been teaching there until now. During the past three years, I have taken one class of students through an entire three-year cycle of studies ending in graduation, and from this have noted that the dry nature of language studies unnecessarily renders this subject less than captivating to most students. Here in Taiwan, there is intense pressure on students facing the national college entrance examination with the result that grade school instruction focuses on grammar, as this is the prime subject tested by the exam. Fortunately, in the last several years Taiwan has been going through a transition period of educational reform and the stress has changed from the dull ritual of grammar studies to the more colorful participatory style of community language learning. Furthermore, high schools are now given more latitude tailoring programs to their needs, all of which represents a paradigm change from the Japanese educational style to the American which emphasizes personal development and independent thought. To achieve my potential as a teacher operating within this new and still developing system, I wish to study and research a variety of general teaching methodologies, in addition to linguistics teaching methodologies. Reviewing your catalogue, I have been very impressed with your curriculum, faculty, facilities, and overall academic environment. I have discovered your curriculum and developmental style is in great accord with my needs and, because your school is located in one of the world’s economic and cultural center, I expect it to offer both an outstanding curriculum and an exceptional environment for cultural immersion. Recently, preparing for the TOEFL and TSE, I have taken a great interest in assessing second language acquisition. The CLOZE Test and Reading Comprehension Test and other related preparatory tests are relatively disorganized and less than ideally effective at present. Thus I hope to make a concrete contribution to the improvement of this aspect of English language instruction upon my return. I believe I possess the enthusiasm and determination to successfully enhance my skills teaching English as a second language, but I also believe that self-improvement is the most important thing in my life. Only by setting myself up as an example, knowing my own strengths and weaknesses, and trying to improve myself, can I have the confidence to step up to a platform and teach students. After all, teaching is not only about inculcating students with a body of practical skills, but also about investing them with moral courage and character education during the process. As such, I make a point of ensuring I have spare time for my students after school and I thus find the progress of my students to be very fulfilling. Highly motivated, resolute, and more than willing to devote the time and effort to complete your program, I sincerely hope you will accept my candidacy. In closing, I would like to express my gratitude for your review of my application materials, and I thank you for your time.

The French Revolution Essay -- European History

The French Revolution The French Revolution was one of the most traumatic events in human history. Over seven million people may have died as a result. The immediate reason was the financial crisis caused by French support for the American Revolution. France invested 2 billion pieces of silver to win the war. Her tax system could only support the government during peace. A war called for extraordinary measures. This was the beginning of the first phase of the revolution, which is referred to as the Aristocratic Revolution. The aristocrats saw this crisis as an opportunity to reassert their power. The French Finance Minister, Necker (1776-1781) didn’t use new taxation to finance the war, he borrowed the money. In 1781, he published the Compte Rendu – which was the first budget the people of France had ever seen. It showed a budget surplus of ten million pieces of silver and Necker was hailed as a hero of the Enlightenment throughout Europe. His budget, however, was a fabrication. France was actually 80,000,000 pieces of silver in debt. When Calonne became finance minister in 1783, he found over half of France’s income went to pay the interest on the debt and the debt was increasing at the rate of 100,000,000 a year. Soon France would not be able to borrow any more money. She had to either repudiate the debt or find new taxes. Repudiating the debt was out of the question because governments have to be able to borrow money. They need to borrow to bridge the gap between the yearly arrival of tax revenues. The only course open was to find new taxation. The problem was who to tax? The peasants and artisans were already taxed to the limit. New taxes would have to be put on the aristocracy and the clergy. The Parlement registered new edicts and the nobility controlled it. The problem would be getting the taxes through the Parlement. Calonne called together an assembly of notables in 1787, hoping to gain momentum for reform. The notables refused to back the new taxes, because they didn’t believe there was a deficit. The notables believed Necker’s Compte Rendu. Calonne and Necker traded charges and insults and King Louis XVI fired Calonne. Louise XVI hired the head of the notables – Brienne – to be his new finance minister in 1787. Brienne reviewed the budget and realized that Calonne had been telling the truth, but when he presented his case to the notables, ... ...ear, not popular support. Executions continued to increase (258 in April of 1794, 345 in May, and 688 in June) and differences in the Committee became irreconcilable. On July 27, 1794 Robespierre was shouted down in the National Convention while giving a speech to answer attacks against his policies. Cries of "Down with the tyrant" were raised and Robespierre's arrest was decreed. Robespierre and his followers escaped, but were later captured. He and 19 of his followers were executed July 28, 1794. The frontispiece from this anti-Robespierre work, Almanach des Prisons, depicts the results of the Reign of Terror under Robespierre's leadership. The various stacks of heads are labeled as follows: "Clergy," "Parliment," "Nobles," "Constitution" (supporters of the Constitution), "Legislature," "Convention," and "People." Note that the largest stack is for the "People" or general public, rather than for the clergy or aristocracy, emphasizing one of the claims against Robespierre's regime. The figure on the scaffold is Robespierre guillotining himself! ________________________________________

Honda Civic vs. Ford Focus

Ever thought about buying a new, gas saving, family car? If somebody needs some great information about two types of cars, which are the 2010 Honda Civic Hybrid and the 2010 Ford Focus Sedan, then here it is. The quality of the car needs to be comfortable when riding in it. Also, the car needs to get good gas mileage, have a decent price, and have an exceptional warranty. The main thing is to make sure the car has excellent performance specifications and is safe. In these next paragraphs a person should be able to make a decision about which car will suit your families needs best.Most people want to be comfortable when riding in a car. Comfort in a vehicle can save somebody from getting a sore bottom or anything like that. The Ford Focus and the Honda Civic both have a five-seating capacity. The front has two seats and the back has three seats. The Ford Focus has a little more cargo space than the Honda Civic. The Honda Civic has a little more head and leg room in the front seat of t he car, whereas the Ford Focus has more head and leg room in the backseat for your passengers. (2010 Honda Civic) There is an article that was used for my information says that the Ford Focus has uncomfortable rear seating. 2010 Ford Focus) In another article it says that the front seats are comfortable, but it is a matter of personal opinion. (2010 Ford Focus: Overview) The Ford Focus has a compass, external temp, trip computer, stability and traction control, and Bluetooth that the Honda Civic does not have. The Honda Civic just has what is in both cars. There is air conditioning, power windows, tilt steering, cruise control, AM/FM radio, CD player and an alarm in both of the cars. (2010 Honda Civic) While looking up articles, there were not any that said the Honda Civic had uncomfortable seating.However, any article that says the seats are uncomfortable could be wrong. It does not matter how the seats feel to anybody else, it is how the seats feel to each individual that matters. Gas prices are outrageous; so why not get a gas saving car? Living in a hilly/mountain area the gas mileage of a car will not be as good as what it could be. The gas mileage of a car will be better in an area that has a lot of flat land where a person has to drive a little ways to get where they are going. Gas mileage is that way with any vehicle, but when driving around and topping and starting every five minutes, it will use more gas than just driving around for about thirty minutes. The Honda Civic’s gas mileage for the city and highway is approximately twenty-five and thirty-six, while the Ford Focus’s city and highway gas mileage is approximately twenty-four and thirty-five. (2010 Honda Civic) There is barely any difference in the two cars gas mileage, so which ever car a person picks they will get good gas mileage. Most everybody likes a deal when buying anything. Well when buying a car everybody wants to try to find the best deal possible.Whether it is a family car or a one person car, it needs to suits your needs. In choosing a car, evaluating the price of the cars is probably a smart thing to do. Look to make sure the cars that are being looked at stay within your budget and make sure the car has a good warranty for the value of your money. The manufacturer’s suggested retail price for the Honda Civic is $15,455 – $25,340. The manufacturer’s suggested retail price for the Ford Focus is $16,290 – $18,780. (2010 Honda Civic vs) The Honda Civic does cost more than the Ford Focus, but they are about the same price even though the Ford Focus is a little cheaper.The warranty of the new car is very important. Everybody should make sure that they have a good warranty so if anything messes up on your new car; it can be fixed for cheaper than what it would be without warranty. The Honda Civic and the Ford Focus warranties are for three years or 36,000 miles. Both have a power train warranty of five years or 60,000 mile s. Also, both cars have a rust-through warranty of five years or unlimited miles and they both have a roadside aid warranty of three years or 36,000 miles. Remember all the warranties say the year or mile, but mean whichever one comes first. Compare Cars) Some cars do not come with very good warranty, but the car needs to come with as much warranty as necessary to suit your needs. If it does not, then that car is simply not the right car to buy. When buying a car, make sure to evaluate the performance specifications that are on the car. How the car performs is important to just about everybody because nobody wants their new car to mess up on them right after they buy it. The Ford Focus is almost the same size as the Honda Civic, but the Ford Focus is just a bit larger than the Honda Civic. 2010 Honda Civic vs) The Honda Civic and the Ford Focus both are front wheel drive and four wheel drive power brakes. The Honda Civic has electric rack and pinion steering, whereas the Ford Focus has power rack and pinion steering. (2010 Ford Focus-4dr) The Honda Civic’s engine is 110 at 6,000 RPM and the Ford Focus’s engine is 140 at 6,000 RPM. The spare tires for both cars are compact. Also, the front and rear wheels on the both cars are made of aluminum. The Honda Civic has fifteen inch tires on the front and rear tires (2010 Honda Civic Hybrid – 4dr), while the Ford Focus has tires that are seventeen inches on the front and rear tires. 2010 Ford Focus-4dr) Here, the only reason that the Ford Focus is better than the Honda Civic is because of the power rack and electric rack. My family has never owned a car that has not had power rack and pinion steering, so that is why we would prefer the Ford Focus over the Honda Civic. Safety in a vehicle means a person’s life. Before buying a car, check out the safety features that vehicle has on it. The safety features in a vehicle is very important to everybody. So here is a little bit about these two car s safety.The Honda Civic and the Ford Focus both have front side airbags, curtain side airbags, antilock brake system, and antiskid system. The Honda Civic has traction control that the Ford Focus does not have. (2010 Ford Focus: Overview) The Ford Focus has dual front airbags and tire-pressure monitor that the Honda Civic does not have. (2010 Honda Civic: Overview) A tire-pressure monitor does help from having a blow out and the dual front airbags would probably make the passenger feel safer. Comparing, what the Honda Civic has over the Ford Focus makes the Ford Focus better.Buying a new car can be very overwhelming. Researching a few kinds of cars helps to narrow it down to the two cars you are leaning more towards purchasing and can make it a lot easier. The Ford Focus Sedan is better because of all the points made in this paper. Although the Honda Civic Hybrid is a good car too, the Ford Focus Sedan is what is needed to suit my family’s needs. This paper hopefully helped somebody make a decision on buying one of these types of cars or helped somebody out on what to look for when buying a new vehicle.

NYU Diagnostic Medical Sonography Program

Ever since I was a young child, I have always been fascinated with the wonders of the medical field. As I grew older, questions continuously ran through my brain, as to how certain parts of the body function. Some of those questions were answerable by a simple â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no†, while others required complex answers unknown to many. For this, I decided that I would take up a course from the medical field when I go to college. After my completion of high school education in 2004, I attended college at the Kingsborough Community College, as a Liberal Arts Major. After a few semesters, I realized that I wanted to fulfill my dream of being part of the medical field.   Several reasons aroused as to why I choose this program. First, I wanted to hone my talents and strengthen my inclination towards the medical field. I have always been interested in the work done physicians who specialized in Ob/Gyne, especially how a living human being survives inside the female’s body. Being given the chance to experience life from the small detail up to the time the baby is born never fails to fascinate me. Another reason that made me go for this field is the fact that I wanted to help teenage girls who were having their own babies at such a young age. I want to give them a place that they can go to, without the hassle of worrying about people who will judge them. These include the 9-month preparation that the mothers will have to endure before their babies are born. When accepted, I plan to further enhance my craft, taking into heart the training that this university will offer. I will use the experiences and the knowledge to practice my chosen field, and at the same time, be of service to mankind. When given the chance, I also want to work for the New York City hospital. I believe that knowledge that I will acquire from this university will be beneficial in the fulfillment of my dreams and aspirations. This is something that I can hold on to for the rest of my life.   

Hooray, hooray! It’s Presidents Day!

Hooray, hooray! It’s Presidents Day! Hooray, Hooray! It’s Presidents Day! Whether you think of  Presidents Day as a patriotic celebration of our country’s political leadership, or just a day off from work and/or school, it’s surely a good time to reflect on the educational legacy of President Washington and his successors. By â€Å"educational legacy† here, we don’t mean the policies they introduced while in office or donations made to colleges; we’re interested in what our presidents were like as students. Harry Truman, College Dropout Not every president has been a â€Å"classic† educational role model, with many not graduating at all. The most recent was Harry Truman, who dropped out of business school after only one semester. To be fair, he did drop out because of his family’s financial problems rather than a lack of interest in learning. And he did later become president. So he must have been doing something right. A Very Different Playbook Would history have differed much had Gerald Ford accepted one of the two offers he received from NFL clubs after graduating from the University of Michigan? Courtesy Gerald R. Ford Library. It’s hard to say, but he managed to help the Wolverines to national titles in 1932 and 1933, as well as winning the team’s MVP award in his senior year. Whether his skills as a linebacker were at all useful in office, we can only guess. Skull and Bones Yale University’s â€Å"Skull and Bones† society is notorious for its secrecy and elitism, inviting only the most powerful students to join. This has so far included three future presidents: William Howard Taft, George H. W. Bush, and George Bush Jr. Apparently, the initiation ritual for new members involves divulging â€Å"intimate personal details, including their full sexual histories.† Sounds fine to us. After all, there’s no way giving away sensitive personal information could possibly pose a terrible blackmail risk. If there was, they wouldn’t do it, right? Right? Go Team President! On a lighter note, four future presidents have spent their college days cheerleading, including Franklin D. Roosevelt, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Ronald Reagan and George W. Bush. Wait, George Bush Jr was a cheerleader and a member of Skull and Bones? When did the man find time to study? Maybe he just didn’t bother. That’s â€Å"Dr. Woodrow,† Thank You Out of the 43 people who’ve been president, one stands out for his educational achievements: Dr. Woodrow Wilson, PhD. The only president to have a college doctorate, Wilson earned a PhD in political science from John Hopkins University, producing a dissertation called â€Å"Congressional Government: A Study in American Politics.† He later went on to teach at Bryn Mawr College. So although Woodrow might be better known for his achievements as 28th President of the United States, from now on we’ll think of him first as an academic high-achiever. Happy Presidents Day!

The Global Financial Crisis in Late 2008 Article - 2

The Global Financial Crisis in Late 2008 - Article Example He is committed to seeking peaceful solutions to world problems. The number 3 world event of 2009 is the protests about the election in Iran. This is important because the cruelty of this regime was captured for the world to see. The young woman named Nela died while the world watched on the Internet. This will show everyone that Iran should never have nuclear weapons. The number 4 world event is the peaceful elections in the country of Kosovo. Serbia and Russia will not recognize this country and were counting on the first election to be rife with protests and violence. This was not the case so the people of Kosovo will have fairly elected local officials. This will be a great step towards the recognition of Kosovo as an independent nation by the international community. The number 5 world event was the death of Michael Jackson. The self-proclaimed â€Å"King of Pop† had lived the last few years of his life under allegations of child molestation. Now that he is dead, everyone around the world feels free to enjoy his music again. The number 6 world event in 2009 is the world climate meeting in Copenhagen. Some are hoping that some sort of international treaty will be signed at this conference so we can reverse global climate change. Other people feel that major countries such as the United States will not sign a treaty. The number 7 world event in 2009 is battling the Swine Flu. Many governments and other organizations are scrambling to get vaccinations to people most likely to be affected by this epidemic. This flu is especially frightening because it has shown that it is capable of making healthy people very sick very quickly. The number 8 world event is a series of doping allegations in the sport. Sports from cycling to baseball to tennis have been rocked in 2009 by athletes testing positive for steroids and other recreational and performance-enhancing drugs.

Legalizing Performance Enhancing Drugs Research Paper

Legalizing Performance Enhancing Drugs - Research Paper Example It is about time when the law and policy makers stopped being hypocritical and paranoid about the use of PEDs, and sought their legalization instead. This is an obvious question. Why is there a debate on this issue in the first place? Performance enhancing drugs can simply be banned because they give an added advantage to their users. Then why are people objecting to the ban? Do they wish to be unfair? Not exactly. Banning of PEDs has led to the introduction of other evils apart from further aggravating their illegal use. For instance, while anti-doping policies in sports seek to â€Å"level the playing field† and prevent sportsmen from taking unfair advantage, they have not been successful at this attempt (Kayser, Mauron and Miah 521). Sportsmen who intend to use them do so without fail, and many go undetected. This proves to be unfair for those who do not use such drugs out of fear of being caught. This has not at all leveled the playing field, as illegal use of drugs is already prevalent among sportsmen. It is just that most of them are not being caught. According to Herper, to address the issue of illegal doping by spo rtsmen: The most obvious solution has always been to legalize those drugs that work, and to experimentally monitor new entrants, including dietary supplements, for both efficacy and safety. Biological improvement would be treated much as athletic equipment like baseball bats and running shoes. If these drugs are legalized, it will at least be possible to monitor the use of such drugs and even level the playing field as those innocent players who were earlier deterred from using them

Diabetic Retinopathy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Diabetic Retinopathy - Essay Example Results from numerous clinical trials of laser photocoagulation and various other treatments and a good understanding of the pathogenesis would have a huge impact on blindness in the diabetic population. [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] The prevalence of retinopathy is strongly linked to the duration of diabetes. A stringent control of blood sugar levels delays the onset of diabetes. Vision loss with diabetic retinopathy may occur from several different mechanisms such as Macular oedema or ischemia which may impair central vision. Extensive studies have reported the cost effectiveness of screening for diabetic retinopathy as it saves vision at reduced costs. The cost of screening modalities depends largely on various factors such as trained professionals and accessibility of screening equipment. Current management of diabetic retinopathy includes systematic control of blood pressure and glucose levels, surgery including laser photocoagulation or pars plana vitrectomy; and currently developed pharmacologic interventions. Vitrectomy is capable of restoring useful vision to patients suffering from severe diabetic retinopathy and vitreous hemorrhage either with or without an accompanying traction retinal detachment. [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Systemic Control: Development and progression of diabetic retinopathyis delayed by glycemic control. Laser photocoagulation, which represents the only treatment modality in large, controlled, prospective randomized, clinical trials, shows limited efficacy. Currently, new pharmacologic modalities now being evaluated show promise, but should undergo rigorous prospective randomized clinical trial in order to gain widespread acceptance. Intensive therapy brought down the risk of developing diabetic retinopathy by 76% and reduced the risk of progression of already existing retinopathy by 54%. Maintaining a strict and systematic control of blood pressure and glucose has proven to be difficult for many patients with diabetes. A good number of them will still develop progressive retinopathy and would require either vitrectomy or laser photocoagulation [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Surgery: The latest in surgical techniques is the use of the "Pulse Electron Avalanche Knife" (PEAK-fc, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) (British Journal of Ophthalmology 2007;91:949-954) which is a new pulsed electrosurgical device that helps in the precise "cold" traction- free tissue dissection. It is very useful in all complicated eye surgeries. For late stages of retinopathy, current laser or surgical treatments are applicable. It also includes proliferative diabetic retinopathy or sight-threatening ME. The study that was conducted proved that photocoagulation can reduce the risk of severe visual loss by about 50%. [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]In this process, laser photocoagulation leads to decreased oxygen levels by the retina due to the destruction of the photoreceptor. Anakinra, which is a drug used in arthritis has tested favorably for reducing blood sugar levels. Benfotiamine is a fat-soluble form of vitamin B1 has proved effective by reversing the damage done to the retina due to high blood sugar in the cells. Another surgical research is the